Lihnin Kong Theihhngalhnak Tlawmpal

Lihnin nih hin khuaruahhar in thil a hrawkhral ruangah hin thil maktak le hrilhfiah a har hringhranmi tiah an ti ṭheo tawn ti a si. ni 26.1.2001 zing Sml. 8:46:41 –a India ram, Gujarat li aa hninmi kha India ram Meteorological Department nih an tahning ahcun Richer Scale 6.9 a si i, U.S. Geological Survey nih an tahning ah cun Richer Scale 7.9 thazaang ṭhawng a rak si diam ve. Kha lio lihninmi kha mithiam sang pawl hna nih cun Hydrogen Bom Megaton 60 tluk thazaang ṭhawngmi a si tiah an ti. Kha lihnin kha ni 15.8.1950 kum lio caan ah Richer Scale 8.5 –ah Assam ram chaklei kam i, aa rak i hningmi minung 11,538 an thih lio bantuk khan a fak vemi a si tiah an chim ṭheo tawn. 

Hi voihnih khengte aa hninmi kha a thazaang a rak ṭhawn tuk ruangah, tivapi tehna zong nih an luannak an i ṭhialkam i, hmunrawn aa rualremnak tehna zong kha ningcang lo ah a rak chuahcanh dih hna lawng si loin, lung tehna zong vansang taktak ah an i vorh ti a si. 

Kan hnute zongah khan Nepal ram ah lihnin thazaang ṭhawng tukmi a hun i hninh ṭhan tikah ṭih a nung tuk hringhran. April 25, 2015 lio Nepal ram ah li aa hninmi kha Magnitude 7.9 thazaang a ṭhawngmi a si i, mithiam sang pawl hna nih an hun tah tikah cun Thermonuclear Hydrogen Bomb 20 tluk in a thazaang a ṭhawng/fakmi a si tiah an chim i, hihi Japan ram, Hiroshima khualipi bomb an rak thlak i, a rawkhraltu, atomic bomb naklet tam tuk in ṭhawnnak thazaang a ngeimi a si tiah an ti. Cun hi Nepal ram Lihninh aa hun i thawknak hmun vawlei chunglei hi a thuh tuk lo ruangah a hninhning a fah khunnak zong kha a si pinah, vawlei chung i, hninh aa rak otnak hi km 10-15 hrawng in a si tiah an chim.

Scientist tepawl hna zong nih hin zeitik dah li aa hninh lai timi le a hninhnak ding hmun tehna zong kha tuchun ni tiang ah an theih khawh bak rih lomi a si i, an theih khawh tawk vial cu khoika hmun dah lihninh ṭih a nunnak pawl cu an si ti lawng hi a si ko rua hi teh! Thil a poi ngaimi pakhat cu hi bantuk lihnin ṭihnun deuhnak hmun pawl hna hi theih chungnak ngeih ko hna hmansehlaw Kutch Gujarat ram tehna ahkhan ruahlopi in lihnin hun um thut sual tik i, i venhimnak pakhat hmanh a rak um lo ruangah an tuarning kha a rak fak tuk hringhran. Chanhhimnak lei rianṭuantu ding zong timhlamh chungnak le ralrinnak pakhat hmanh a um lo tikah chanhhimnak rianṭuan zong duhning in rianṭuan khawh a si lo tiah an ti. Mizoram khi Very high risk zone bak ah a um vemi cu a si i, ralrin zungal kha a herh tukmi an si.

India ram le ram innpa hrawng lihnin a zualhmatnak deuhdeuh pawl:-

A caan	A hninhnak hmun pawl	Ritcher Scale
4.4.1905	Kangra, Himachal Pradesh	8
1912	Burma	8
1918	Srimangal Earthquake	7.6
15.1.1934	Bihar - Nepal inrina vel	8.3
26.6.1941	Andaman Islands	8.1
15.8.1950	Assam mi 11,538 an thi	8.5
19.1.1975	Kinnaur leh Lahaul, Himalaya	6.2
1984	Cachar	5.8
21.8.1988	Bihar - Nepal inrina vel. Mi 900 an thi	6.5
20.10,1991	Uttarkashi - mi 1600 aia tam an thi	6.6
22.5.1997	Jabalpur bial vel - mi 40 vel an thi	6
29.5.1999	Chamoli, Uttaranchal, thil tam tak a tichhia	6.8
30.9.1999	Latur, Maharashtra - mi 10,000 aia tam an thi	6.3
26.1.2001	Gujarat	7.9
2011	Sikkim - mi 111 an thi	6.9
25.4.2015	Nepal - mi 8535 an thi	7.9
12.5.2015	Nepal - mi 65 an thi	7.3

Lihnin fak tuk a hun i hninh tikah hin lihnin tenau deuh hi voi tam ialte aa hnin nolh ṭhan lengmang tawn. Lihnin a hun i ot lai hrawngte khi Foreshock an ti i, a hninh fah tuk lio caan khi Mainshock an ti ṭhan i, fakpi aa hninhsaih hnu, tlawmtlawm tete in a hun i hnin ziahmah ṭhan lengmang tawnmi khi Aftershock tiah an ti.

Vawleicung lihninh ṭihnung bibik pawl:

- Iran, 2003: Minung 26,000 lengkai nunnak a rak lak hna.

- Idonesia, 2004: 9.1 in a thazaang ṭhawngmi aa rak hning i, Tsunami tiangin a rak chuahter phah. Mah lioah hin mi 230,000 lengkai nunnak a rak lak hna.

- Pakistani-administered Kashmir, 2005: 7.6 in a thazaang a ṭhawngmi li aa rak i hning i Muzafferabad khualipi chung minung 100,000 lengkai nunnak a rak lak hna.

- China, 2008: Sichuan province nichuahlei kam ah li aa rak hning i, 7.9 in a thazaang a ṭhawngmi a si ve i, hi tan ahhin minung 90,000 lengkai nunnak a rak lak ve hna.

- Haiti, 2010: 7.0 in a thazaang ṭhawngmi li aa rak hning ve i, minung 220,000 lengkai nunnak a rak lak hna.#

Lihnin ṭihnunnak hmun tahnak Seismic Zone hi hmun 5 ah ṭhen si i, cu hna cu:-

Zone	I	Ṭihnung lo (no risk)
Zone	II	Ṭihnung tuk theng lo (low risk)
Zone	III	Ṭihnung deuh si cang (moderate risk)
Zone	IV	Ṭihnung taktak (high risk)
Zone	V	Ṭihnung in a zualhma tuk cang (very high  risk)

Mizoram le India nichuah chaklei hratpi le Gujarat (Bhuj) le India chaklei kam cheukhat pawl hna hi lihnin fakpi a chuak khawhnak hmun Zone V-ah a ummi an si i, an innsak ning cang ah siseh, innhmun an i thimning cang le nifatin an nun cawlcanghnak kipah ralring tein um a herhmi a si.

Vawleicung pumpi li a hninhning dan:-

A Fahning        A fah tahnak, Ritcher scale (Magnitude)  Kum khat ah a hninhning zat tlangpi

Great	8 le a nakin a fak	1
Major	7 - 7.9	18
Strong	6 - 6.9	120
Moderate	5 - 5.9	800
Light	4 - 4.9	6,200
Minor	3 - 3.9	49,000
Very minor	3	Tanglei a hniam pawl

- Magnitude 2-3 hi nifatin voi 1000 aa hnin tluk khan a si.

- Magnitude 1-2 hi nifatin voi 8000 aa hnin tluk khan a si.

- Ritcher scale 3 nakin a niam deuhmi lihnin hi minung nih theih khawh a si lo.

Lihnin Tahnak Ritcher Scale Hmuchuaktu Tuanbia

 

Charles Francis Ritcher (Ritcher Scale) Lihnin tahnak Seh

Atu lio lihnin thazaang ṭhawn/fahning lei tahnak Ritcher Scale an timi a rak hmuchuaktu cu Charles Francis Ritcher a si. Hamilton khua, Ohio State, Amerika ah a chuakmi a si. 

University of Southern California le Stanford tehna, California Institute of Technology hna ah a cawng tawnmi a si. Kum 1928 ahkhan Ph.D. degree California Institute of Technology in a rak hmuh i, kum 1936-1976 tiang kha California Institute ah Seismological Laboratory ah Seismology Professor rian a rak ṭuan. 

Lihnin dothlattu pawl (Seismology) lei he pehtlai in a rak ṭuanning kong an hal ahhin, “Hihi thilmak khuaruahhar taktak pakhat cu a si. Theoretical Physics subject i, Ph.D. ka rak cawn lio ahhin kan cachimtu saya Dr. Robert Millikan nih nikhat cu a zungkhan chungah a ka auh duak i, Seismological Laboratory nih Physicist an herh tiah a rak ka chim i, Physicist cu ka cawn lomi subject a si. Natein, cu rian cu kaa ruahlo ning bak in ṭuan duhnak thinlung ka rak keng colh ko e. Cuticun Laboratory haotupa leti’n cun kan i chawnbia i, kum 1927 ahkhan hi lihnin kong dothlatnak lei rian hi ṭuan hram ka rak domh ve,” tiah a ti.

Ritcher nih hin lihnin thazaang fah/ṭhawnning tahnak cu kum 1935 ahkhan a rak serchuah khawh. Lihnin tahnak an rak hmuhchuahmi pawl hmaisa deuh hna cu De Rossi (1880) le Guiseppe Mercalli (1902) hna nih an rak hmuhchuahmi kha a si i, hi nih hin cun building inn pawl an rawhralning dan in le mizapi nih an rak intuarh ning dan lawng in khan, zeitluk thazaang a fah/ṭhawn kha an rak tah khawh ceomi khi a rak si. 

Ritcher nih cun hi thil hi a ṭha thlu lo hi teh ti kha a hun i fian tuk tikah, kum 1930 ahkhan lihnin phun dangdang an i hninhnak hmun 200 ah dothlatnak a va tuahnak in tulio vawleipi nih an hman cuahmahmi Ritcher Scale hi a rak hmuhchuahmi cu a si.#

(Theihternak: Hi a cunglei lihnin kong cabia tawi hi Nifatin Vanglaini Thawngcabu ah ‘Sanga Ralte’ Luangmual Vtg., Aizawl nih 28th May 2015 ah a rak ṭialmi kha aa tlakning in ka le hi, ka belh chamchuan chinmi a si)